Romania

Romania is a treasure trove of contrasts, from the mystique of Dracula legends to the serenity of the Carpathian Mountains. In Transylvania, the medieval town of Brașov enchants visitors with its cobblestone streets, Gothic Black Church, and nearby Bran Castle, often (though loosely) associated with Vlad the Impaler — the inspiration for Dracula. Further north, Sighișoara, one of Europe’s best-preserved walled towns and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, offers pastel-colored houses and charming towers that feel pulled from a storybook. The capital, Bucharest, often dubbed “Little Paris,” impresses with Palace of the Parliament, one of the largest buildings in the world, and its mix of neoclassical and brutalist architecture. In the north, Maramureș captivates with wooden churches, horse-drawn carts, and centuries-old traditions. For nature lovers, the Carpathians provide endless opportunities for hiking, skiing, and wildlife viewing, especially in Piatra Craiului National Park and Bucegi Mountains. The painted monasteries of Bucovina, with their intricate exterior frescoes, are unlike anything else in Europe. On the Black Sea coast, the port city of Constanța and the lively resort town of Mamaia offer sunny beaches, while the nearby Danube Delta, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, is a haven for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts.

Romanian cuisine is hearty, rustic, and a flavorful reflection of the country's agricultural roots and multiethnic influences. A national staple is sarmale, cabbage rolls stuffed with minced pork and rice, slow-cooked in a tangy tomato broth and traditionally served with mămăligă (cornmeal polenta) and sour cream. Ciorbă de burtă (tripe soup) is a local favorite with a sour, garlicky twist, while ciorbă de perişoare (meatball soup) offers a more accessible alternative for the less adventurous. Mici (or “mititei”), skinless grilled sausages served with mustard and bread, are a popular street food and a must-try during barbecues and festivals. Zacuscă, a smoky vegetable spread made with eggplant and peppers, is often served with fresh bread as a starter or snack. Desserts include papanasi, fried or boiled doughnuts topped with sour cream and jam, and cozonac, a sweet, nut-filled bread traditionally eaten during holidays. Romanian meals are often accompanied by tuică, a strong plum brandy, or vin fiert, mulled wine, especially in colder seasons. Locally produced wines from regions like Dealu Mare and Târnave are gaining international acclaim.

Traveling around Romania is a mix of scenic charm and practical patience. The country’s rail network, operated by CFR Călători, connects most major cities and regions, though trains can be slow and subject to delays. Booking first-class tickets for longer routes is affordable and recommended for added comfort. Intercity buses and minibuses (maxi-taxi) offer more frequent departures and sometimes faster service, especially for smaller towns not served by train. Within cities, public transport is robust and cheap — trams, buses, and trolleybuses are common, with Bucharest also featuring a clean and efficient metro system. Taxis are inexpensive, but always confirm that the meter is running or agree on a fare upfront. Ride-hailing apps like Bolt and Uber are available in larger cities and offer more transparency. For exploring rural areas, fortified churches, or mountain villages, renting a car offers the most freedom, but be prepared for potholes, slow tractors, or even herds of sheep on winding roads. In the winter months, mountain roads may require snow chains and extra caution.

Romania is one of Europe’s most budget-friendly destinations, offering excellent value across accommodation, dining, and activities. Hostels, guesthouses, and pensiuni agroturistice (farm stays) provide charming, low-cost options, especially in rural areas. Meals at local taverns or canteens are both hearty and inexpensive, with a full lunch rarely exceeding €6–8. Many attractions, such as castles, monasteries, and museums, have entry fees under €5, and students often receive discounts. Use regional trains for longer journeys instead of pricier express routes, and always buy tickets at the station or online in advance to save money. Free walking tours in cities like Cluj-Napoca, Sibiu, and Bucharest are great for cultural insight without cost (just tip your guide!). Local SIM cards with generous data packages can be purchased cheaply at the airport or convenience stores, reducing navigation and communication costs.

Romania is generally very safe for travelers, with low rates of violent crime. Petty theft, such as pickpocketing, can occur in crowded tourist areas, train stations, and public transport — keep an eye on your belongings and use a money belt or crossbody bag. Traffic accidents are more of a concern, particularly in rural areas where road conditions and driving behavior can be unpredictable. If renting a car, drive cautiously and avoid traveling at night on unfamiliar routes. Stray dogs were once a major issue but are now rare in most tourist areas. Tap water is safe to drink in most cities, though bottled water is widely available. LGBTQ+ travelers should exercise some discretion, particularly in rural areas, although attitudes are slowly becoming more tolerant, especially among younger generations. Emergency services can be reached by dialing 112.

Romanians are generally warm, respectful, and deeply proud of their culture. Handshakes are the standard greeting, and it’s customary to use titles and surnames unless invited otherwise. When entering someone’s home, always remove your shoes and bring a small gift (like flowers or sweets) as a token of appreciation. Dress modestly, especially when visiting churches or rural villages. It’s considered polite to stand when an elder enters a room, and eye contact is important during conversations. Public displays of affection are generally acceptable in urban areas, though more conservative attitudes prevail in smaller towns. Tipping is expected in restaurants — 10–15% is standard if service isn’t included. During religious holidays like Easter and Christmas, many Romanians attend church and follow customs with deep reverence; participating respectfully or asking questions is welcomed.

Romania is ideal for cultural travelers, folklore lovers, nature seekers, and slow travelers. It’s perfect for couples seeking romance in Transylvanian villages, backpackers hunting for off-the-beaten-path destinations, and adventurers wanting hikes, ski slopes, or wildlife spotting. History buffs will be captivated by castles, fortresses, and Saxon towns, while photographers will find endless inspiration in the landscapes and traditional garb of rural regions. Romania is also perfect for those seeking an affordable, immersive European experience — a place where old-world charm, myth, and modern hospitality coexist beautifully.

Low-budget travelers will find excellent hostels in cities like Podstel Bucharest, which offers a community feel and café on-site, or JugendStil Hostel in Cluj, known for its clean rooms and central location. In rural areas, farm stays or guesthouses (pensiuni) provide inexpensive, authentic lodging, often including home-cooked meals. Mid-range travelers will enjoy boutique hotels such as Hotel Casa Wagner in Brașov, a charming stay right on the main square, or The Council in Sibiu, which combines modern comfort with medieval flair. These options offer character, location, and warm hospitality without luxury prices. Luxury travelers can indulge in top-tier stays at Epoque Hotel Relais & Châteaux in Bucharest, which offers a tranquil, design-forward escape in the city center, or Atra Doftana, a lakeside eco-retreat nestled in the Carpathians. In Transylvania, Bethlen Estates in Criș blends rural luxury, history, and modern design for a truly exclusive experience.

Many travelers underestimate Romania’s size and diversity, attempting to cram too much into a short visit. Roads through the mountains can be slow and winding, so always factor in extra travel time. Don’t assume all castles are tied to Dracula lore — some of the most authentic and beautiful, like Corvin Castle, have no Dracula connection but are worth a visit. Another mistake is overlooking rural areas, where Romania’s most authentic cultural experiences and traditions reside. Visitors may also misjudge the strength of tuică — it's a strong homemade brandy, and it’s polite to accept, but sip cautiously! Lastly, be aware of stray dogs or aggressive drivers, and avoid unlicensed taxis by using apps like Bolt.

Use Google Maps for navigation, especially when driving in rural areas. Infofer and CFR Calatori apps help with train schedules and ticketing. Bolt is the most reliable rideshare app in Romanian cities. Visit Romania and Eventim offer local event listings and ticket purchases. For language help, Google Translate or SayHi are useful offline. Revolut or Wise are handy for handling currency exchanges or avoiding ATM fees. Hiking Maps Romania is ideal for trekking in the Carpathians, and Glovo or Tazz are helpful for food delivery.

A balanced two-week itinerary could begin with 2–3 days in Bucharest, exploring its museums, historical sites, and energetic nightlife. From there, travel to Sinaia to visit Peleș Castle, then continue to Brașov for medieval charm and access to Bran Castle and Râșnov Fortress. Next, head to Sibiu, a former European Capital of Culture, and onward to Sighișoara to step into a living medieval village. Nature lovers should allocate time for hiking in Piatra Craiului or Apuseni Mountains. End your trip in Cluj-Napoca, a youthful, artsy city with a strong cultural scene, or travel to Maramureș or the Danube Delta for a quieter, rural finale filled with nature and tradition.

Romania is home to the world’s heaviest building — the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest, which has over 1,000 rooms and is visible from space. The Carpathian Mountains are home to the largest population of brown bears in Europe, and the country’s biodiversity is second only to Brazil within its climate zone. Romania boasts the merry cemetery of Săpânța, where colorful gravestones feature humorous epitaphs and images that celebrate life rather than mourn death. The Dacians, ancestors of modern Romanians, were once formidable warriors who resisted Roman conquest, and their legacy is still visible in national symbols and folklore. The real Vlad Țepeș, aka Vlad the Impaler, lived in the 15th century and has only a loose connection to the Dracula legend, but his legacy draws curious visitors to castles and medieval towns throughout Transylvania.